Lightweight piston

A lightweight piston composed of carbon-carbon composites is presented. The use of carbon-carbon composites over conventional materials, such as aluminum, reduces piston weight and improves thermal efficiency of the internal combustion reciprocation engine. Due to the negligible coefficient of thermal expansion and unique strength at elevated temperatures of carbon-carbon, the piston-to-cylinder wall clearance is so small as to eliminate the necessity for piston rings. Use of the carbon-carbon composite has the effect of reducing the weight of other reciprocating engine components allowing the piston to run at higher speeds and improving specific engine performance

Composite piston

A composite piston structure is disclosed which provides a simple and reliable means for joining a carbon-carbon or ceramic piston cap with a metallic piston body. Attachment is achieved by means of a special geometry which compensates for differences in thermal expansion without complicated mechanical fastening devices. The shape employs a flange created by opposed frustoconical shapes with coincident vertices intersecting on the radial centerline of the piston in order to retain the piston cap. The use of carbon-carbon for the piston cap material allows a close fit between the piston and a cylinder wall, eliminating the need for piston rings. The elimination of extra mechanical parts of previous composite pistons provides a lightweight composite piston capable of extended high temperature operation

Three Systems of Workers' Compensation

Only three countries in the world maintain sub-national workers' compensation systems:Australia, Canada, and the United States. Three models are used to organize the insuranceresponsibilities for making the payments to injured or ill workers: private market, exclusivepublic insurer, and mixed (although the three models do not correspond exactly with the threecountries).All 10 Canadian provinces, 6 U.S. states, and 3 jurisdictions in Australia use the exclusive public insurer approach; the remaining 44 U.S. states and 4 jurisdictions in Australiause a predominately private market approach; and 3 Australian states use a mixed approach, in hich the public fund bears the underwriting risk, but private firms collect and disburse themoney.We will look at each of the three models, one from each country.1 Studying differentjurisdictions, even though from different nations, follows the tradition of using the "laboratory ofthe states" to inform policy decisions. We will describe the essential features of each system and then review system performance

Information, sticky prices and macroeconomic foundations : reply to Wright's commentary.

Macroeconomics

Real exchange rates: some evidence from the postwar years

Foreign exchange rates

Money and monetary policy: an essay in honor of Darryl Francis

Monetary policy ; Money

U.S. policy in the Bretton Woods era

Economic history ; Bretton Woods Agreements Act

Monetary Transmission at Low Inflation: Some Clues from Japan in the 1990s

The paper analyzes the performance of the Japanese economy from 1985 to 1999. It compares different explanations of slow growth and prolonged recession. Using both bivariate comparisons and statistical tests, the paper concludes that the maintained growth rate fill after 1992. Also, the data suggest that the recession early in the 1990s was induced by a decline in money growth. In contrast, the recent recession was induced mainly by a fall in real exports. Failure to allow the nominal exchange rate to depreciate forced deflation and increased the costs of adjusting to reduced export demand The main policy conclusion calls on the Bank of Japan to pursue a more expansive policy to end deflation. This policy would depreciate the yen, but it would end the deflation that is costly to Japan and its neighbors.